Ethics of the use of placebos in clinical research: a proposal for decision-making algorithms
Abstract
The use of placebos in clinical research has been a matter of considerable debate in recent years, notably when the
World Medical Association published, in 2002, a note of clarification for paragraph 29 of the Helsinki Declaration.
Brazil is known for its strong opposition to the flexible use of placebos. Both the Federal Council of Medicine and
the National Health Council have published resolutions regulating the use of placebos in Brazil, preventing their
use if there is a more effective therapeutic method already in place. The present study reinforces that position
and aims to describe the various uses of placebos in clinical research, as well as examining the complex decisions
relating to the ethics of their use. Additionally, the authors propose a reflection on the use of placebos through
decision-making algorithms based on Brazilian ethical standards.